                   Xrysimopoiw%nta*s to FreeBSD se Forytou%*s

   Anathew%rysy: 43184

   To FreeBSD ei%nai e%na katoxurwme%no emporiko% su%mbolo tou FreeBSD
   Foundation.

   To Linux ei%nai e%na katoxurwme%na emporiko% su%mbolo tou Linus Torvalds
   sti*s Ynwme%ne*s Politei%e*s.

   Oi le%cei*s Microsoft, IntelliMouse, MS-DOS, Outlook, Windows, Windows
   Media, kai Windows NT ei%nai ei%te katoxurwme%na emporika% su%mbola y%
   emporika% su%mbola ty*s Microsoft Corporation sti*s Ynwme%ne*s Politei%e*s
   kai/y% se a%lle*s xw%re*s.

   Polle%*s apo% ti*s le%cei*s y% fra%sei*s oi opoi%e*s xrysimopoiou%ntai
   apo% tou*s kataskeuaste%*s y% tou*s pwlyte%*s tou*s gia na diakri%noun ta
   projo%nta tou*s thewrou%ntai emporika% su%mbola. O%pou aute%*s
   emfani%zontai se auto% to kei%meno kai gia o%se*s apo% aute%*s gnwri%zei y
   Oma%da Ana%ptucy*s tou FreeBSD o%ti ei%nai pithano%n na ei%nai emporika%
   su%mbola, tha dei%te e%na apo% ta su%mbola: <<(TM)>> y% <<(R)>>.

   2013-11-13 apo% hrs.
   Peri%lyqy

   To FreeBSD douleu%ei a%qoga stou*s perisso%terou*s forytou%*s
   upologiste%*s, me polu% li%ga symei%a pou xri%zoun prosoxy%*s. Merika%
   pra%gmata pou aforou%n to FreeBSD kai tou*s forytou%*s, sxetika% me ti*s
   diafore%*s pou upa%rxoun se apaity%sei*s ulikou% apo% tou*s upologiste%*s
   grafei%ou, perigra%fontai paraka%tw.

   [ HTML se tmy%mata / HTML se e%na tmy%ma ]

     ----------------------------------------------------------------------

   Pi%naka*s Periexome%nwn

   1. To grafiko% periba%llon Xorg

   2. Modems

   3. Suskeue%*s PCMCIA (PC Card)

   4. Power management

   Suxna% to FreeBSD xrysimopoiei%tai san leitourgiko% su%styma se
   ecupyretyte%*s, alla% mporei% to i%dio kala% na xrysimopoiythei% kai se
   stathmou%*s ergasi%a*s, ki an ske%fteste na to xrysimopoiy%sete ston
   foryto% upologisty% sa*s mporei%te na apolamba%nete o%la ta sunythisme%na
   pleonekty%mata pou e%xei: sustymatiky% orga%nwsy, eu%koly diaxei%risy kai
   anaba%thmisy, ta ports kai ta pake%ta gia eu%koly egkata%stasy
   logismikou%, kok. (Ta a%lla pleonekty%mata% tou, o%pw*s y stathero%tyta, y
   apo%dosy se diktuake%*s efarmoge%*s, kai y apo%dosy se sunthy%ke*s uqylou%
   fo%rtou, mporei% na myn gi%nontai polu% fanera% se e%na foryto%
   upologisty%, be%baia.) O%mw*s, y egkata%stasy se forytou%*s upologiste%*s
   suxna% parousia%zei probly%mata ta opoi%a den emfani%zontai se
   upologiste%*s grafei%ou kai den apotelou%n suxna% the%ma suzy%tysy*s (oi
   forytoi%, ako%ma perisso%tero apo% tou*s upologiste%*s grafei%ou, ei%nai
   ruthmisme%noi gia na tre%xoun kala% me Microsoft(R) Windows(R)). Auto% to
   a%rthro e%xei san sto%xo na parousia%sei ka%poia apo% auta% ta the%mata.
   Sto diadi%ktuo mporei%te na brei%te polle%*s seli%de*s sti*s opoi%e*s
   perigra%foun ti*s empeiri%e*s tou*s me e%na sugkekrime%no monte%lo
   forytou% upologisty% kai to FreeBSD oi suggrafei%*s tou*s. Aute%*s oi
   seli%de*s den ei%nai diathe%sime*s w*s me%ro*s ty*s epi%symy*s
   tekmyri%wsy*s tou FreeBSD, alla% mporei% na perie%xoun xry%sime*s
   plyrofori%e*s. Ei%nai kaly% ide%a na qa%cete gia te%toie*s seli%de*s,
   gra%fonta*s to monte%lo tou forytou% sa*s kai ty le%cy <<FreeBSD>> se
   merike%*s myxane%*s anazy%tysy*s. Upa%rxei epi%sy*s kai mia ba%sy
   plyroforiw%n me analutike%*s perigrafe%*s apo% pollou%*s forytou%*s
   upologiste%*s sty dieu%thunsy The FreeBSD Laptop Compatibility List.

   An the%lete na epikoinwny%sete me a%llou*s xry%ste*s pou tre%xoun FreeBSD
   sto foryto% tou*s, mporei%te na graftei%te kai styn li%sta freebsd-mobile.
   Perisso%tere*s plyrofori%e*s gia ty sumbato%tyta tou FreeBSD me forytu%*s
   upologiste%*s tha brei%te kai sty seli%da
   http://tuxmobil.org/mobile_bsd.html.

1. To grafiko% periba%llon Xorg

   Oi pro%sfate*s ekdo%sei*s twn Xorg douleu%oun me ti*s perisso%tere*s
   monte%rne*s ka%rte*s otho%ny*s pou xrysimopoiou%ntai se forytou%*s
   upologiste%*s. Y epita%xunsy (acceleration) mporei% na myn upostyri%zetai,
   alla% mia basiky% SVGA kata%stasy tha% 'prepe na douleu%ei xwri%*s
   probly%mata.

   Ele%gcte tyn tekmyri%wsy tou forytou% sa*s gia na dei%te poia ka%rta
   otho%ny*s e%xei kai meta% sumbouleutei%te tyn tekmyri%wsy tou Xorg gia na
   dei%te an upa%rxei uposty%ricy gia tyn sugkekrime%ny ka%rta. An o%xi,
   to%te xrysimopoiy%ste e%na basiko% odygo% suskeuy%*s (myn prospathy%sete
   na xrysimopoiy%sete ka%poio odygo% pou na moia%zei ka%pw*s sto o%noma).
   Mporei%te na dokima%sete tyn tu%xy sa*s me tyn entoly% Xorg -configure pou
   bri%skei auto%mata polle%*s apo% ti*s swste%*s ruthmi%sei*s.

   To pro%blyma ei%nai polle%*s fore%*s na ruthmistei% swsta% y otho%ny.
   Suxna% y tekmyri%wsy epikentrw%nei sti*s CRT otho%ne*s. To na brei%te ti*s
   kata%llyle*s ruthmi%sei*s (modelines) gia mia LCD otho%ny mporei% na myn
   ei%nai kai to%so eu%kolo. Mporei% na ei%ste tuxeroi% kai na myn
   xreia%zetai na brei%te ka%poia grammy% ruthmi%sewn gia tyn otho%ny, y% na
   arkei% aplw%*s na dw%sete ti*s swste%*s time%*s sta HorizSync kai
   VertRefresh. An auto% den doule%qei, y kalu%tery epilogy% pou e%xete
   ei%nai na qa%cete sto di%ktuo gia pyge%*s sxetike%*s me ru%thmisy twn X se
   forytou%*s (suxna% oi odygi%e*s pou upa%rxoun ei%nai sxetike%*s me to
   Linux, alla% den e%xei symasi%a afou% kai ta duo susty%mata xrysimopoiou%n
   tyn i%dia e%kdosy twn Xorg) kai na antigra%qete ti*s kata%llyle*s
   gramme%*s ruthmi%sewn pou e%xei stei%lei ka%poio*s o opoi%o*s e%xei to
   i%dio uliko%.

   Oi perisso%teroi forytoi% e%rxontai me duo koumpia% sti*s suskeue%*s
   dei%kty pou e%xoun, pou ei%nai arketa% enoxlytiko% o%tan ka%poio*s
   douleu%ei se X (afou% to mesai%o koumpi% ei%nai auto% pou suxna%
   xrysimopoiei%tai gia epiko%llysy keime%nou). Mporei%te na antistoixy%sete
   to tauto%xrono pa%tyma tou deciou% kai aristerou% koumpiou% sti*s
   ruthmi%sei*s twn X sa*s na ecomoiw%nei to pa%tyma tou mesai%ou koumpiou%
   me tyn grammy%

       Option "Emulate3Buttons"
    

   sto arxei%o xorg.conf, sto tmy%ma InputDevice.

2. Modems

   Oi forytoi% e%rxontai suny%thw*s me eswterika% (on-board) mo%ntem.
   Dustuxw%*s, auto% symai%nei pw*s sxedo%n pa%nta ei%nai <<win-mo%ntem>> twn
   opoi%wn y leitourgiko%tyta ei%nai ulopoiyme%ny se logismiko%, gia to
   opoi%o odygoi% upa%rxoun mo%no gia Windows(R). (Orisme%noi odygoi% gia
   te%toia mo%ntem e%xoun arxi%sei na bgai%noun kai gia a%lla leitourgika%
   susty%mata. Gia para%deigma, an to mo%ntem sa*s xrysimopoiei% chipset
   tu%pou Lucent LT mporei% na upostyri%zetai apo% to pake%to comms/ltmdm.)
   An to mo%ntem pou e%xei o foryto%*s sa*s den upostyri%zetai, tha
   xreiastei% na agora%sete e%na ecwteriko% mo%ntem. Y pio kaly% lu%sy apo%
   a%poqy xw%rou ei%nai na agora%sete e%na PC Card (PCMCIA) mo%ntem, pou
   perigra%fetai paraka%tw, alla% upa%rxoun kai ftyna% USB y% seiriaka%
   mo%ntem pou mporei% na sa*s kosti%soun ligo%tero. Genika%, ta kanonika%
   (o%xi win-mo%ntem) mo%ntem pre%pei na douleu%oun xwri%*s kane%na
   pro%blyma.

3. Suskeue%*s PCMCIA (PC Card)

   Oi pio polloi% forytoi% e%rxontai me upodoxe%*s PCMCIA (gnwste%*s kai w*s
   PC Card). Aute%*s upostyri%zontai arketa% kala% apo% to FreeBSD. Koita%cte
   ta mynu%mata ty*s ekki%nysy*s tou upologisty% sa*s (xrysimopoiw%nta*s tyn
   entoly% dmesg(8)) kai dei%te an to FreeBSD e%xei brei ti*s thu%re*s
   aute%*s (pre%pei na emfani%zontai san pccard0, pccard1 klp. se suskeue%*s
   o%pw*s y% pcic0).

   Oi ekdo%sei*s 4.X tou FreeBSD e%xoun uposty%ricy gia 16-bit PCMCIA
   ka%rte*s. Oi ekdo%sei*s 5.X kai oi neo%tere*s upostyri%zoun to%so 16-bit
   o%so kai 32-bit (<<CardBus>>) ka%rte*s. Mia li%sta apo% ka%rte*s pou
   upostyri%zontai upa%rxei to arxei%o /etc/defaults/pccard.conf. Koita%cte
   auto% to arxei%o, kai protimy%ste na agora%sete ka%rte*s pou upa%rxoun se
   auty% ty li%sta. Oi ka%rte*s pou den upa%rxoun sty li%sta, mporei% na
   upostyri%zontai san <<generic>> suskeue%*s: sugkekrime%na ta pio polla%
   mo%ntem (16-bit) tha pre%pei na douleu%oun mia xara%, arkei% na myn ei%nai
   win-mo%ntem (te%toia mo%ntem upa%rxoun ako%my kai san PC Card suskeue%*s,
   gi' auto% na prose%xete). An y ka%rta sa*s anagnwri%zetai san generic
   mo%ntem, symeiw%ste pw*s to arxei%o pccard.conf ori%zei mia kathuste%rysy
   10 deuterole%ptwn (gia na apofu%gei ta kolly%mata pou pathai%noun ka%poia
   mo%ntem). Auto%*s o xro%no*s mporei% na ei%nai polu% mega%lo*s gia to
   diko% sa*s mo%ntem, opo%te aci%zei na peiramatistei%te, meiw%nonta%*s ton
   y% ako%ma ki afairw%nta*s ton telei%w*s.

   Merika% me%ry tou pccard.conf mporei% na xreia%zontai diorthw%sei*s.
   Ele%gcte tyn grammy% irq, kai bebaiwthei%te o%ti den gra%fei ka%poia irq
   grammy% pou y%dy xrysimopoiei%tai apo% ka%poia a%lly suskeuy%. Pio
   sugkekrime%na, an e%xete ka%poia on-board ka%rta y%xou, afaire%ste tyn
   grammy% irq 5 (alliw%*s mporei% na kolly%sei o foryto%*s sa*s mo%li*s
   eisa%gete mia PC Card suskeuy%). Epi%sy*s ele%gcte o%ti xrysmopoiou%ntai
   eleu%there*s perioxe%*s mny%my*s. An y ka%rta sa*s den anagnwri%zetai,
   to%te prospathy%ste na alla%cete tyn perioxy% mny%my*s se ka%poia a%lly
   epitrepo%meny timy% (apo% aute%*s pou upa%rxoun styn seli%da tekmyri%wsy*s
   pccardc(8)).

   An den tre%xei y%dy, cekiny%ste ton dai%mona pccardd(8). (Gia na cekina%ei
   o%tan anoi%gete ton upologisty% sa*s, prosthe%ste sto arxei%o /etc/rc.conf
   ty grammy%

 pccard_enable="YES"

   .) Tw%ra oi ka%rte*s sa*s tha pre%pei na anagnwri%zontai o%tan ti*s
   ba%zete se ka%poia thu%ra y% ti*s afairei%te, kai na ble%pete mynu%mata
   gia ne%e*s suskeue%*s pou energopoiou%ntai.

   Akribw%*s prin tyn dianomy% ty*s e%kdosy*s 4.4 tou FreeBSD e%ginan
   arkete%*s allage%*s ston kw%dika gia ti*s PC Card suskeue%*s (me%sa se
   aute%*s y%tan kai allage%*s ston kw%dika dromolo%gysy*s twn diakopw%n ISA,
   gia ekei%ne*s ti*s myxane%*s pou to FreeBSD den mporou%se na
   xrysimopoiy%sei to PCI BIOS). An e%xete probly%mata me auty% tyn e%kdosy
   tou FreeBSD, dokima%ste na tyn anabathmi%sete se ka%poia pio kainou%ria.

4. Power management

   Dustuxw%*s, to power management den upostyri%zetai polu% kala% apo% to
   FreeBSD. An ei%ste tuxeroi%, i%sw*s ka%poie*s apo% ti*s leitourgi%e*s na
   douleu%oun acio%pista. Suny%thw*s pa%ntw*s, den douleu%oun katho%lou.

   Ka%ti pou periple%kei li%go ta pra%gmata ei%nai y u%parcy du%o
   diaforetikw%n protu%pwn gia power management: tou APM kai tou ACPI. To
   deu%tero e%xei w*s sto%xo na antikatasty%sei to prw%to, epektei%nonta*s
   tauto%xrona ta xaraktyristika% tou APM. Se polle%*s periptw%sei*s to ACPI
   to petuxai%nei auto%, alla% merike%*s fore%*s dymiourgei% kai probly%mata
   pou den ta e%xei to APM.

   Orisme%noi forytoi% upologiste%*s upostyri%zoun kai to APM kai to ACPI.
   Ka%poioi a%lloi forytoi% upologiste%*s upostyri%zoun mo%no to e%na apo% ta
   du%o. Pithano%n na xreiastei% na dokima%sete kai to APM kai to ACPI, gia
   na dei%te pio apo% ta du%o upostyri%zei kalu%tera kai me pio acio%pisto
   tro%po ta xaraktyristika% power management tou forytou% sa*s.

  Symei%wsy:

   Den e%xei no%yma (kai polle%*s fore%*s de gi%netai kan) na energopoiy%sete
   tauto%xrona kai to APM kai to ACPI, ako%my ki an o foryto%*s sa*s
   upostyri%zei kai ta du%o pro%tupa.

  4.1. APM

   To APM (Advanced Power Management) BIOS pare%xei uposty%ricy gia
   dia%fore*s leitourgi%e*s power management, o%pw*s standby, suspend,
   hibernation, mei%wsy ty*s taxu%tyta*s tou epecergasty%, klp. Oi
   leitourgi%e*s APM upostyri%zontai apo% ti*s ekdo%sei*s 4.X kai 5.X tou
   FreeBSD.

   Gia na energopoiy%sete tyn uposty%ricy APM ston pury%na tou FreeBSD,
   pre%pei na metaglwtti%sete ton pury%na sa*s me ti*s epiloge%*s gia power
   management (device apm0 gia to FreeBSD 4.X kai device apm gia to
   FreeBSD 5.X). Sto FreeBSD 5.X upa%rxei kai cexwristo% a%rthrwma pury%na
   gia to APM, to opoi%o mporei%te na fortw%sete kata% tyn ekki%nysy tou
   susty%mato*s prosthe%tonta*s sto arxei%o /boot/loader.conf ty grammy%
   apm_load="YES".

   Sto FreeBSD 5.X pre%pei na prosthe%sete kai ty grammy%
   hint.apm.0.disabled="0" sto arxei%o /boot/device.hints.

   Gia na energopoiou%ntai auto%mata oi leitourgi%e*s APM kata% tyn ekki%nysy
   tou susty%mato*s pre%pei na prosthe%sete kai ty grammy% apm_enable="YES"
   sto arxei%o /etc/rc.conf. Sto basiko% su%styma tou FreeBSD perilamba%netai
   kai y upyresi%a apmd(8), pou cekina%ei auto%mata an prosthe%sete ty
   grammy% apmd_enable="YES" sto arxei%o /etc/rc.conf. Y upyresi%a auty%
   xeiri%zetai ta dia%fora mynu%mata APM pou ste%lnei to BIOS. Mporei%, gia
   para%deigma, na ba%lei to foryto% sa*s se kata%stasy suspend y% na to
   energopoiy%sei pa%li me to pa%tyma eno%*s ply%ktrou sto plyktrolo%gio y%
   o%tan anoigoklei%nete tyn otho%ny tou forytou% sa*s.

   Oi entole%*s APM perigra%fontai sty seli%da boy%theia*s apm(8). Gia
   para%deigma, y entoly% apm -b tupw%nei plyrofori%e*s gia tyn kata%stasy
   ty*s mpatari%a*s (y% 255 an den upostyri%zetai), y entoly% apm -Z the%tei
   ton foryto% se kata%stasy standby, y entoly% apm -z (y% y entoly% zzz)
   the%tei ton foryto% se kata%stasy suspend. Gia na klei%sei entelw%*s o
   foryto%*s mporei%te na dw%sete tyn entoly% shutdown -p. Prosoxy% o%mw*s:
   merike%*s apo% aute%*s ti*s entole%*s mporei% na my douleu%oun swsta% y%
   na my douleu%oun katho%lou.

   Se merikou%*s forytou%*s douleu%ei swsta% y allagy% kata%stasy*s se
   standby y% suspend mo%no apo% tyn konso%la, ki o%xi me%sa apo% to
   periba%llon X (mporei% p.x. y otho%ny na myn epane%rxetai swsta%). Se
   auty% tyn peri%ptwsy ki an xrysimopoiei%te tyn e%kdosy 5.X tou FreeBSD (y%
   ka%poia neo%tery), i%sw*s e%xei no%yma na prosthe%sete tyn epilogy%
   options SC_NO_SUSPEND_VTYSWITCH sto arxei%o ruthmi%sewn tou pury%na sa*s
   kai na metaglwtti%sete pa%li ton pury%na. Ka%ti a%llo pou mporei%te na
   dokima%sete ei%nai na guri%sete se kata%stasy konso%la*s prin tre%cete to
   apm(8) (mporei%te na guri%sete se kata%stasy konso%la*s apo% to
   periba%llon X gra%fonta*s Ctrl+Alt+F1). To ergalei%o vidcontrol(1) mporei%
   na alla%cei auto%mata se kata%stasy konso%la*s. Apla% prosthe%ste sto
   arxei%o /etc/apmd.conf ti*s paraka%tw ruthmi%sei*s:

 apm_event SUSPENDREQ {
  exec "vidcontrol -s 1 < /dev/console";
  exec "/etc/rc.suspend";
 }

 apm_event USERSUSPENDREQ {
  exec "vidcontrol -s 1 < /dev/console";
  exec "sync && sync && sync";
  exec "sleep 1";
  exec "apm -z";
 }

 apm_event NORMRESUME, STANDBYRESUME {
  exec "/etc/rc.resume";
  exec "vidcontrol -s 9 < /dev/console";
 }

  4.2. ACPI

   To ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Management Interface) pare%xei
   leitourgi%e*s diaxei%risy*s kata%nalwsy*s (power management) alla% kai
   anagnw%risy*s suskeuw%n susty%mato*s (antikathistw%nta*s to PnP kai to PCI
   BIOS). To FreeBSD e%xei uposty%ricy gia leitourgi%e*s ACPI apo% tyn
   e%kdosy 5.X ki u%stera, kai y uposty%ricy gia leitourgi%e*s ACPI ei%nai
   energopoiyme%ny ec' orismou%. Opo%te de xreia%zetai na ka%nete ka%ti gia
   na leitourgy%sei to ACPI. Mporei%te na ruthmi%sete to ACPI me to ergalei%o
   acpiconf(8).

   Dustuxw%*s, orisme%noi kataskeuaste%*s poulou%n forytou%*s upologiste%*s
   me problymatike%*s ulopoiy%sei*s tou protu%pou ACPI, opo%te mporei% na
   parousiastou%n probly%mata an energopoiy%sete to ACPI. Mporei% ako%my kai
   na myn cekina%ei katho%lou to FreeBSD me to ACPI energopoiyme%no.

   An to ACPI sa*s dymiourgei% probly%mata, koita%cte an o kataskeuasty%*s
   tou forytou% sa*s e%xei bga%lei ka%poia kainou%ria e%kdosy apo% to BIOS
   tou forytou% sa*s. Y ulopoi%ysy tou ACPI sto FreeBSD beltiw%netai ki auty%
   sunexw%*s, opo%te mporei% na e%xei no%yma na anabathmi%sete to su%styma%
   sa*s se pio kainou%ria e%kdosy. Mporei% ka%poia apo% ta probly%mata na
   diorthwthou%n e%tsi.

   An the%lete na apenergopoiy%sete to ACPI, mporei%te na prosthe%sete ty
   grammy% hint.acpi.0.disabled="1" sto arxei%o /boot/device.hints. Gia
   ligo%tero mo%nime*s allage%*s, mporei%te na apenergopoiy%sete proswrina%
   to ACPI tre%xonta*s tyn entoly% unset acpi_load styn protropy% tou boot
   loader. Styn e%kdosy 5.1-RELEASE tou FreeBSD kai ti*s neo%tere*s
   ekdo%sei*s upa%rxei e%na menou% epilogw%n ekki%nysy*s. Mi%a apo% ti*s
   epiloge%*s epitre%pei tyn ekki%nysy xwri%*s ACPI. Epile%gonta*s 2. Boot
   FreeBSD with ACPI disabled mporei%te na cekiny%sete to su%styma% sa*s me
   apenergopoiyme%ne*s o%le*s ti*s leitourgi%e*s ACPI.

  4.3. Diaxei%risy Katana%lwsy*s Isxu%o*s ty*s Otho%ny*s

   To grafiko% periba%llon X e%xei epi%sy*s ka%poiou ei%dou*s uposty%ricy gia
   power management (diaba%ste tyn tekmyri%wsy ty*s entoly%*s xset(1), kai
   qa%cte gia <<dpms>>). Ei%nai kaly% ide%a na dokima%sete na to
   xrysimopoiy%sete, alla% ki auto% to xaraktyristiko% twn X den leitourgei%
   pa%nta swsta%. Merike%*s fore%*s klei%nei tyn otho%ny alla% den klei%nei
   to fw*s.
